Java™ Platform
Standard Ed. 6

java.nio.channels
Class SocketChannel

java.lang.Object
  extended by java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel
      extended by java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel
          extended by java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractSelectableChannel
              extended by java.nio.channels.SocketChannel
All Implemented Interfaces:
Closeable, ByteChannel, Channel, GatheringByteChannel, InterruptibleChannel, ReadableByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, WritableByteChannel

public abstract class SocketChannel
extends AbstractSelectableChannel
implements ByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel

A selectable channel for stream-oriented connecting sockets.

Socket channels are not a complete abstraction of connecting network sockets. Binding, shutdown, and the manipulation of socket options must be done through an associated Socket object obtained by invoking the socket method. It is not possible to create a channel for an arbitrary, pre-existing socket, nor is it possible to specify the SocketImpl object to be used by a socket associated with a socket channel.

A socket channel is created by invoking one of the open methods of this class. A newly-created socket channel is open but not yet connected. An attempt to invoke an I/O operation upon an unconnected channel will cause a NotYetConnectedException to be thrown. A socket channel can be connected by invoking its connect method; once connected, a socket channel remains connected until it is closed. Whether or not a socket channel is connected may be determined by invoking its isConnected method.

Socket channels support non-blocking connection: A socket channel may be created and the process of establishing the link to the remote socket may be initiated via the connect method for later completion by the finishConnect method. Whether or not a connection operation is in progress may be determined by invoking the isConnectionPending method.

The input and output sides of a socket channel may independently be shut down without actually closing the channel. Shutting down the input side of a channel by invoking the shutdownInput method of an associated socket object will cause further reads on the channel to return -1, the end-of-stream indication. Shutting down the output side of the channel by invoking the shutdownOutput method of an associated socket object will cause further writes on the channel to throw a ClosedChannelException.

Socket channels support asynchronous shutdown, which is similar to the asynchronous close operation specified in the Channel class. If the input side of a socket is shut down by one thread while another thread is blocked in a read operation on the socket's channel, then the read operation in the blocked thread will complete without reading any bytes and will return -1. If the output side of a socket is shut down by one thread while another thread is blocked in a write operation on the socket's channel, then the blocked thread will receive an AsynchronousCloseException.

Socket channels are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. They support concurrent reading and writing, though at most one thread may be reading and at most one thread may be writing at any given time. The connect and finishConnect methods are mutually synchronized against each other, and an attempt to initiate a read or write operation while an invocation of one of these methods is in progress will block until that invocation is complete.

Since:
1.4

Constructor Summary
protected SocketChannel(SelectorProvider provider)
          Initializes a new instance of this class.
 
Method Summary
abstract  boolean connect(SocketAddress remote)
          Connects this channel's socket.
abstract  boolean finishConnect()
          Finishes the process of connecting a socket channel.
abstract  boolean isConnected()
          Tells whether or not this channel's network socket is connected.
abstract  boolean isConnectionPending()
          Tells whether or not a connection operation is in progress on this channel.
static SocketChannel open()
          Opens a socket channel.
static SocketChannel open(SocketAddress remote)
          Opens a socket channel and connects it to a remote address.
abstract  int read(ByteBuffer dst)
          Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.
 long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts)
          Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.
abstract  long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length)
          Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the given buffers.
abstract  Socket socket()
          Retrieves a socket associated with this channel.
 int validOps()
          Returns an operation set identifying this channel's supported operations.
abstract  int write(ByteBuffer src)
          Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.
 long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs)
          Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.
abstract  long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length)
          Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the given buffers.
 
Methods inherited from class java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractSelectableChannel
blockingLock, configureBlocking, implCloseChannel, implCloseSelectableChannel, implConfigureBlocking, isBlocking, isRegistered, keyFor, provider, register
 
Methods inherited from class java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel
register
 
Methods inherited from class java.nio.channels.spi.AbstractInterruptibleChannel
begin, close, end, isOpen
 
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
 
Methods inherited from interface java.nio.channels.Channel
close, isOpen
 

Constructor Detail

SocketChannel

protected SocketChannel(SelectorProvider provider)
Initializes a new instance of this class.

Method Detail

open

public static SocketChannel open()
                          throws IOException
Opens a socket channel.

The new channel is created by invoking the openSocketChannel method of the system-wide default SelectorProvider object.

Returns:
A new socket channel
Throws:
IOException - If an I/O error occurs

open

public static SocketChannel open(SocketAddress remote)
                          throws IOException
Opens a socket channel and connects it to a remote address.

This convenience method works as if by invoking the open() method, invoking the connect method upon the resulting socket channel, passing it remote, and then returning that channel.

Parameters:
remote - The remote address to which the new channel is to be connected
Throws:
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
UnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is not fully resolved
UnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supported
SecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and it does not permit access to the given remote endpoint
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

validOps

public final int validOps()
Returns an operation set identifying this channel's supported operations.

Socket channels support connecting, reading, and writing, so this method returns (SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT | SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE).

Specified by:
validOps in class SelectableChannel
Returns:
The valid-operation set

socket

public abstract Socket socket()
Retrieves a socket associated with this channel.

The returned object will not declare any public methods that are not declared in the Socket class.

Returns:
A socket associated with this channel

isConnected

public abstract boolean isConnected()
Tells whether or not this channel's network socket is connected.

Returns:
true if, and only if, this channel's network socket is connected

isConnectionPending

public abstract boolean isConnectionPending()
Tells whether or not a connection operation is in progress on this channel.

Returns:
true if, and only if, a connection operation has been initiated on this channel but not yet completed by invoking the finishConnect method

connect

public abstract boolean connect(SocketAddress remote)
                         throws IOException
Connects this channel's socket.

If this channel is in non-blocking mode then an invocation of this method initiates a non-blocking connection operation. If the connection is established immediately, as can happen with a local connection, then this method returns true. Otherwise this method returns false and the connection operation must later be completed by invoking the finishConnect method.

If this channel is in blocking mode then an invocation of this method will block until the connection is established or an I/O error occurs.

This method performs exactly the same security checks as the Socket class. That is, if a security manager has been installed then this method verifies that its checkConnect method permits connecting to the address and port number of the given remote endpoint.

This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt is initiated but fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.

Parameters:
remote - The remote address to which this channel is to be connected
Returns:
true if a connection was established, false if this channel is in non-blocking mode and the connection operation is in progress
Throws:
AlreadyConnectedException - If this channel is already connected
ConnectionPendingException - If a non-blocking connection operation is already in progress on this channel
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
UnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is not fully resolved
UnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supported
SecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and it does not permit access to the given remote endpoint
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

finishConnect

public abstract boolean finishConnect()
                               throws IOException
Finishes the process of connecting a socket channel.

A non-blocking connection operation is initiated by placing a socket channel in non-blocking mode and then invoking its connect method. Once the connection is established, or the attempt has failed, the socket channel will become connectable and this method may be invoked to complete the connection sequence. If the connection operation failed then invoking this method will cause an appropriate IOException to be thrown.

If this channel is already connected then this method will not block and will immediately return true. If this channel is in non-blocking mode then this method will return false if the connection process is not yet complete. If this channel is in blocking mode then this method will block until the connection either completes or fails, and will always either return true or throw a checked exception describing the failure.

This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.

Returns:
true if, and only if, this channel's socket is now connected
Throws:
NoConnectionPendingException - If this channel is not connected and a connection operation has not been initiated
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the connect operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the connect operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

read

public abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst)
                  throws IOException
Description copied from interface: ReadableByteChannel
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.

An attempt is made to read up to r bytes from the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, dst.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.

Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred into the buffer so that the first byte in the sequence is at index p and the last byte is at index p + n - 1, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.

A read operation might not fill the buffer, and in fact it might not read any bytes at all. Whether or not it does so depends upon the nature and state of the channel. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot read any more bytes than are immediately available from the socket's input buffer; similarly, a file channel cannot read any more bytes than remain in the file. It is guaranteed, however, that if a channel is in blocking mode and there is at least one byte remaining in the buffer then this method will block until at least one byte is read.

This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

Specified by:
read in interface ReadableByteChannel
Parameters:
dst - The buffer into which bytes are to be transferred
Returns:
The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

read

public abstract long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts,
                          int offset,
                          int length)
                   throws IOException
Description copied from interface: ScatteringByteChannel
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the given buffers.

An invocation of this method attempts to read up to r bytes from this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is,

 dsts[offset].remaining()
     + dsts[offset+1].remaining()
     + ... + dsts[offset+length-1].remaining()
at the moment that this method is invoked.

Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first dsts[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are transferred into buffer dsts[offset], up to the next dsts[offset+1].remaining() bytes are transferred into buffer dsts[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is transferred into the given buffers. As many bytes as possible are transferred into each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.

This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

Specified by:
read in interface ScatteringByteChannel
Parameters:
dsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
offset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer into which bytes are to be transferred; must be non-negative and no larger than dsts.length
length - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be non-negative and no larger than dsts.length - offset
Returns:
The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

read

public final long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts)
                throws IOException
Description copied from interface: ScatteringByteChannel
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.

An invocation of this method of the form c.read(dsts) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation

 c.read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);

Specified by:
read in interface ScatteringByteChannel
Parameters:
dsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferred
Returns:
The number of bytes read, possibly zero, or -1 if the channel has reached end-of-stream
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the read operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the read operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

write

public abstract int write(ByteBuffer src)
                   throws IOException
Description copied from interface: WritableByteChannel
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.

An attempt is made to write up to r bytes to the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, src.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.

Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred from the buffer starting at index p, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked; the index of the last byte written will be p + n - 1. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.

Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.

This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

Specified by:
write in interface WritableByteChannel
Parameters:
src - The buffer from which bytes are to be retrieved
Returns:
The number of bytes written, possibly zero
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

write

public abstract long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs,
                           int offset,
                           int length)
                    throws IOException
Description copied from interface: GatheringByteChannel
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the given buffers.

An attempt is made to write up to r bytes to this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining in the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is,

 srcs[offset].remaining()
     + srcs[offset+1].remaining()
     + ... + srcs[offset+length-1].remaining()
at the moment that this method is invoked.

Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first srcs[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are written from buffer srcs[offset], up to the next srcs[offset+1].remaining() bytes are written from buffer srcs[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is written. As many bytes as possible are written from each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.

Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.

This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.

Specified by:
write in interface GatheringByteChannel
Parameters:
srcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrieved
offset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer from which bytes are to be retrieved; must be non-negative and no larger than srcs.length
length - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be non-negative and no larger than srcs.length - offset
Returns:
The number of bytes written, possibly zero
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

write

public final long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs)
                 throws IOException
Description copied from interface: GatheringByteChannel
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.

An invocation of this method of the form c.write(srcs) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation

 c.write(srcs, 0, srcs.length);

Specified by:
write in interface GatheringByteChannel
Parameters:
srcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrieved
Returns:
The number of bytes written, possibly zero
Throws:
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connected
ClosedChannelException - If this channel is closed
AsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel while the write operation is in progress
ClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread while the write operation is in progress, thereby closing the channel and setting the current thread's interrupt status
IOException - If some other I/O error occurs

Java™ Platform
Standard Ed. 6

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