27.7 Apache HTTP Server

27.7.1 Overview

FreeBSD is used to run some of the busiest web sites in the world. The majority of web servers on the Internet are using the Apache HTTP Server. Apache software packages should be included on your FreeBSD installation media. If you did not install Apache when you first installed FreeBSD, then you can install it from the www/apache13 or www/apache22 port.

Once Apache has been installed successfully, it must be configured.

27.7.2 Configuration

The main Apache HTTP Server configuration file is installed as /usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf on FreeBSD. This file is a typical UNIX® text configuration file with comment lines beginning with the # character. A comprehensive description of all possible configuration options is outside the scope of this book, so only the most frequently modified directives will be described here.

It is always a good idea to make backup copies of your Apache configuration file before making changes. Once you are satisfied with your initial configuration you are ready to start running Apache.

27.7.3 Running Apache

Apache 如同許多網路 server 均不透過 inetd 這個 super server。 因為它是設定以 standalone 方式會對 client 端瀏覽器所連入的 HTTP requests 才會有更好的效能。 而且其有附上讓 server 啟動、停止、 重啟更簡單的 shell script。 第一次要啟動 Apache 時，請打：

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start

隨時都可以打下列指令，使之停止：

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl stop

無論是為了甚麼理由而修改設定檔，改完之後要重啟才會生效：

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl restart

若不欲打斷既有的網頁連線來重新啟動 Apache ，請改用：

# /usr/local/sbin/apachectl graceful

細節部分請參閱 apachectl(8) 說明。

若要開機時自動啟動 Apache， 請在 /etc/rc.conf 加上下列設定：

apache_enable="YES"

或者 Apache 2.2 則應為：

apache22_enable="YES"

若要修改 Apache 的 httpd 在開機啟動參數，那麼就在 rc.conf 加上如下設定，並將參數寫在引號內：

apache_flags=""

或者 Apache 2.2 則應為：

apache22_flags=""

現在 web server 已經在運作當中，可透過瀏覽器以 http://localhost/ 網址去看網站。 預設所顯示的網頁位於 /usr/local/www/data/index.html， Apache 2.2 則是 /usr/local/www/apache22/data/index.html。

27.7.4 Virtual Hosting

Apache supports two different types of Virtual Hosting. The first method is Name-based Virtual Hosting. Name-based virtual hosting uses the clients HTTP/1.1 headers to figure out the hostname. This allows many different domains to share the same IP address.

To setup Apache to use Name-based Virtual Hosting add an entry like the following to your httpd.conf:

NameVirtualHost *

If your webserver was named www.domain.tld and you wanted to setup a virtual domain for www.someotherdomain.tld then you would add the following entries to httpd.conf:

<VirtualHost *>
ServerName www.domain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/domain.tld
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *>
ServerName www.someotherdomain.tld
DocumentRoot /www/someotherdomain.tld
</VirtualHost>

Replace the addresses with the addresses you want to use and the path to the documents with what you are using.

For more information about setting up virtual hosts, please consult the official Apache documentation at: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/vhosts/.

27.7.5 Apache 模組

有許多不同的 Apache 模組可讓基本的 server 提供許多附加功能。 而 FreeBSD 的 Ports Collection 則為 Apache 及這些好用的附加模組，提供了相當便利的安裝方式。

27.7.6 動態網站

在過去的十年裡，越來越多企業為增加收益與曝光率而投入 Internet， 這也同時增加對於互動網頁內容的需求。 有些公司像是 Microsoft® 均紛紛推出自家產品的解決方案，而 open source 社群也對這些動態網頁內容需求當然更不落人後，較流行的有像是 Django、 Ruby on Rails、mod_perl、 mod_php。

# cd /usr/ports/www/py-django; make all install clean -DWITH_MOD_PYTHON3 -DWITH_POSTGRESQL

<Location "/">
    SetHandler python-program
    PythonPath "['/dir/to/your/django/packages/'] + sys.path"
    PythonHandler django.core.handlers.modpython
    SetEnv DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE mysite.settings
    PythonAutoReload On
    PythonDebug On
</Location>

# cd /usr/ports/www/rubygem-rails; make all install clean

# make config

LoadModule php5_module        libexec/apache/libphp5.so

AddModule mod_php5.c
    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
        DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
    </IfModule>
    <IfModule mod_php5.c>
        AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
        AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
    </IfModule>

# apachectl graceful

# apachectl graceful